Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Sternberg, R. J. This approach aims to observe cultural differences in the relevant context and uses that cultures concepts or standards. Almost everyone is a little bit ethnocentric. This can be viewed as an example of: ethnocentrism to evaluate another culture according to the standards of one's own culture folkways direct appropriate behavior in the day-to-day practices and expressions of a culture formal norms established, written rules globalization the integration of international trade and finance markets high culture Ainsworths classic study of The Strange Situation (1970) is an example of ethnocentric research. d) ethnocentrism and xenocentrism b) culture and society Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Some of the most famous psychological studies (such as Milgrams, Aschs, and Zimbardos) used only white American males in their samples. Sponsored by Grammarly Almost everyone is a little bit ethnocentric. Music and laughter are examples of: a. relativism b. ethnocentrism c. xenocentrism d. universalism D. universalism A nation's flag is: a. After focusing on North American and European research for many years, Western researchers began to question whether many of the observations and ideas that were considered to be universal actually apply to other cultures outside of the sample that was studied. . xenocentrism 6. Citing Paraphrases and Summaries (APA), 4. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture/nation is superior to all others, while xenocentrism is the belief that other cultures are better than one's own culture/nation. A nation's flag is: A symbol A value A culture A folkway 8. Intelligence tests that are designed by Western researchers reflect the idea of what the West considers as being intelligent. Putting It Together: Health, Aging, and the Elderly, 190. 2023 Simply Psychology - Study Guides for Psychology Students. Ethnocentrism is overvaluing one's own culture, while Xenocentrism is overvaluing other's cultures. Language whether the acquisition of language and its development is similar or different between cultures? Saying that other countries you visit are "backward" or "barbaric" for not eating and living in the same way you. This subjective perception the Christians have that the bible's teachings are superior to the . Ethnocentric attitudes can lead to prejudice and discrimination based on race and the belief that one race is superior to all others. Music and laughter are examples of: a. relativism b. ethnocentrism c. xenocentrism d. universalism D. universalism A nation's flag is: a. Symbolic interactionism If a group upholds the belief that other groups are inferior to them, this could result in groups discriminating against each other. a teenager living in India may become aware of the existing individualism and a sense of freedom existing in the American society given to others his/her own age and hence will aspire to attain that. However, Western cultures may have a different idea of what qualifies as intelligence compared to other cultures. Comparative advantage generally compares the output of production of the same type of goods or services between two countries. Demanding that people in other countries speak to you in your language as you travel to their country. c. ethnocentricity Someone who is ethnocentric may believe that their culture is correct and normal, but someone who adopts cultural relativism understands that one culture is not better than another. With the rise of globalization, different cultures came in close contact with each other. b. Functionalism However, psychology still has a long way to go to be truly representative of all cultures. Similarly, some people may also show reluctance to eat the food of another culture. An example of ethnocentrism is believing that the traditional clothing of a culture other than your own is strange or incorrect. In contrast, cultural relativism would appreciate and accept that different cultures have their own clothing and would not make a negative judgment about someones clothing even if it is different from what is the norm for them. Researchers can also use input from people from different cultures to discuss any potential methodology flaws which can lead to cultural bias. Cultures vary across various regions, both in material and non-material terms. Teo, Thomas, and Angela R. Febbraro. When Rodney's host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodney on both cheeks, Rodney pulls back in surprise. Outcome: Collective Behavior and Social Movements, 228. Putting It Together: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control, 83. Believing that ones own culture is correct can spread misinformation about other cultures, leading to negative consequences. Ethnocentrism is a term applied to the cultural or ethnic biaswhether conscious or unconsciousin which an individual views the world from the perspective of his or her own group, establishing the in-group as archetypal and rating all other groups with reference to this ideal. This happens because an ethnocentric person feels that his or her culture is the correct or normal way of living. Cite this page as follows: "Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. The belief is that vehicles manufactured in other countries are better than ones made in your own country. Reading: Healthcare in the United States, 176. It was because of this superiority stemming from ethnocentrism that most colonizers viewed colonized cultures as savage. Ethnocentrism involves looking at another culture from the perspective of ones own culture while cultural relativism involves looking at a foreign culture by its own perspective instead of ones own culture. Reading: Theoretical Perspectives on Culture, 48. They will tend to have negative attitudes toward other cultures and believe their beliefs, ideas, values, and practices are wrong or strange. Distinctions are made between different cultures based on language, behavior, customs, traditions, religion, etc. In psychology, ethnocentric behavior can occur when a researcher conducts a study in a particular culture and then states in their findings that their results can be generalized to all cultures. It helps to remember that culture is learned. However, the results were different when these studies were replicated on other groups of people. Caitlins shock was minor compared to that of her friends Dayar and Mahlika, a Turkish couple living in married student housing on campus. Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to view one's own culture as the best or most superior and to judge other cultures based on the values and norms of one's own. 226 Words1 Page. Ethnocentrism can occur for anyone across most cultures and societies and is not limited to one culture. Ethnocentrism is the act of judging other cultures according to the preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of ones own culture. a. cultural lag Why It Matters: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control, 76. What is the difference between a polycentric, ethnocentric, and geocentric approach to international management? Reading: Types of Formal Organizations, 70. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. Whilst they are not the same, ethnocentrism can lead to prejudiced behaviors and attempts to impose ones subjective culture onto other cultural groups. A high level of appreciation for one's own culture can be healthy; a shared sense of community pride, for example, connects people in a society. This form of tunnel vision often results in: (1 . What are the disadvantages of ethnocentrism? She calls after every e- Cultural relativismis the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of ones own culture. This way of thinking can lead to negative attitudes and behaviors towards people from different cultures, as they are seen as inherently "wrong" or "inferior" (AlSheddi et al., 2021). Summary: 1.Cultural relativism is the positive attitude or concept while ethnocentrism is the negative side. A high level of appreciation for ones own culture can be healthy; a shared sense of community pride, for example, connects people in a society. Over the course of his stay, Barger participated in caribou hunts, learned how to take shelter in winter storms, and sometimes went days with little or no food to share among tribal members. Reading: Theoretical Perspectives on Social Movements, 231. a. ethnocentricity Hasa has a BA degree in English, French and Translation studies. c. culture lag Summer (1906) as cited by Alexander (2006) said that even a small group from a large group of people differs on their lifestyles and beliefs, practices, values and norms. This can lead to ethnocentrism if those outside of the West score significantly lower on intelligence scores, leading to the West having the misconception that non-western countries are less intelligent. Otherwise, some other examples of ethnocentric behavior include: Judging other cultures food and specialty dishes. Compare shrinkage and wrinkle resistance of the samples. Why does a serger have a looper instead of a bobbin? 1 year in England. By understanding what could have been cultural bias, researchers have increased their understanding of the impact of culture, cultural differences, and culture-specific behaviors. Read the full article here. Putting It Together: Government and Politics, 200. The Elements of Moral Philosophy, 15-29. Why It Matters: Social Movements, Media, and Technology, 225. Saul Mcleod, Ph.D., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years experience of working in further and higher education. Ethnocentrism is one example, and whether that's good or bad is purely opinion (I think there are both setbacks and benefits myself), but its pervasion . Learn to define ethnocentrism and cultural relativism and examine how they are related. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply.See Wiktionary Terms of Use for details. A more modern example of cultural imperialism may include the work of international aid agencies who introduce agricultural methods and plant species from developed countries while overlooking indigenous varieties and agricultural approaches that are better suited to the particular region. Why It Matters: Religion and Education, 147. A value c. A culture d. Discovery involves finding something that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors. It does not mean that German mothers are more insensitive or that Japanese mothers are too clingy to their children just because their infants react differently to American children. Theory & psychology, 18(5), 563-589. Expecting others to speak your language and criticizing them if they cant. Marias family sat at the table for hours, speaking loudly, gesturing, and arguing about politics, a taboo dinner subject in Caitlins house. European Renaissance artists desired to emulate ancient Greek artwork. Reading: Symbolic Interactionism on Media and Technology, 243. Reading: Conflict Theory on Education, 159. The biggest difference between mores and folkways is that, A. mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to being. Ethnocentric individuals judge other groups concerned with their language, customs, behaviour and religion. https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-xenocentrism.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenocentrism, https://study.com/academy/lesson/xenocentrism-definition-role-in-sociology.html, Aishani Menon, currently pursuing sociology from the University of Delhi, I put my thoughts across through my words, I believe in learning because with knowledge comes growth, and with growth comes the best ability to write, Short Note on Relative Deprivation and Deprivation Theory, 10 Pros and Cons of Technology in Society, An Interview with Award-Winning Author Angie Vancise, Exploring the Dark and Strange with L. Andrew Cooper: An Interview, Exploring Humanity Through Fiction: An Interview with Author Lee Hunt. If your professor comes into an early morning class holding a mug of liquid, what do you assume she is drinking? Outcome: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, 128. Reading: Theoretical Perspectives on Sex, 133. Reading: Functionalist Theory on Education, 158. Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and xenocentrism Humans are social creatures. Cultural relativism is the notion that cultural norms and values derive their meaning within a specific social context. Personality the degree to which aspects of personality might be influenced by or linked with cultural influences. Outcome: Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 119. Putting It Together: Social Stratification and Inequality, 105. The methods used in The Strange Situation are examples of imposed etic, meaning to study a culture from the outside and make inferences in relation to one cultures standard.